Intervención educativa sobre salud bucal en escolares del municipio de Venezuela, Ciego de Ávila, 2018

Fundamento la salud bucal es un componente de la salud general de las personas, desarrollar acciones de promoción y prevención desde temprana edad, garantiza estilos de vida saludables. Objetivo determinar la efectividad de una estrategia de intervención educativa para mejorar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal en escolares de quinto grado. Métodos estudio pre-experimental, de intervención, del tipo antes y después, en 43 escolares del municipio de Venezuela, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, en el período septiembre de 2018 a enero de 2019. Mediante una encuesta se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje. Luego se confeccionó y ejecutó la estrategia de intervención educativa con actividades teórico-prácticas y técnicas afectivo- participativas acordes con la edad d os participantes. Se utilizó como unidad de resumen el por ciento; y para el análisis estadístico, la prueba de McNemar. Resultados antes de la intervención existían conocimientos insuficientes acerca de temas como la caries dental, higiene bucal y dieta cariogénica; después de aplicada la estrategia se modificaron favorablemente los conocimientos acerca de salud bucal en general (65,1 %). La información relacionada con el tiempo de cambio del cepillo, y otros medios auxiliares para realizar la higiene bucal, resultaron los tópicos mejor asimilados (93,0 % y 90,7 % cada uno) por los infantes. Conclusiones la intervención educativa fue eficaz, lo cual se evidenció al elevarse el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal en la población estudiada, como resultado de las acciones educativas realizadas.

Foundation oral health is a component of people's general health, developing promotion and prevention actions from an early age to guarantee healthy lifestyles. Objective to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention strategy to improve the oral health knowledge level in fifth grade students. Methods pre-experimental, intervention study, of the before and after type, in 43 schoolchildren from the Venezuela municipality, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, from September 2018 to January 2019. Learning needs were identified through a survey. The educational intervention strategy was prepared and executed with theoretical-practical activities and affective-participatory techniques according to the participants' age. The percent was used as the summary unit; and for statistical analysis, the McNemar test. Results before the intervention there was insufficient knowledge about topics such as dental caries, oral hygiene and cariogenic diet; after applying the strategy, knowledge about oral health in general was modified favorably (65.1%). The information related to the time to change the toothbrush, and other auxiliary means to perform oral hygiene, were the best assimilated topics (93.0 % and 90.7 % each) by the infants. Conclusions the educational intervention was effective; it was evidenced by raising the oral health knowledge level in the studied population, as a result of the educational actions carried out.

Efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre". Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus / Effectiveness of the educational program " Smiles from the womb". Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus

Fundamentación: En el período de gestación el organismo de la mujer sufre modificaciones, transformaciones fisiológicas y psicológicas, además de cambios en los tejidos bucales y cambios de conducta que pueden iniciar enfermedades bucodentales o agravar las ya establecidas. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre" en embarazadas del Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, con diseño antes y después en el período de enero a junio del 2022, la población estuvo constituida por 20 embarazadas ingresadas en el Hogar Materno Isabel María de Valdivia en Sancti Spíritus. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y estadísticos. Se midió la variable conocimiento sobre salud bucodental. Resultados: Los conocimientos antes de la aplicación de programa educativo eran insuficientes (65 %), después de aplicado el programa educativo el 75 % de las embarazadas presentó conocimientos suficientes. Conclusiones: Al culminar la implementación del programa educativo "Sonrisas desde el vientre", se logró un nivel de conocimiento suficiente sobre salud bucodental en la tercera parte de las embarazadas de este hogar materno.

Background: During pregnancy, the women's body goes through many changes, physiological and psychological transformations, as well as changes in the oral cavity tissues and behavioral changes that may initiate oral diseases or aggravate the stablished ones. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program "Smile from the Womb" among pregnant women at the Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with a before and after design was conducted from January to June 2022, the population consisted of 20 pregnant women hospitalized at Isabel María de Valdivia Maternity Home in Sancti Spíritus. Theoretical, empirical (survey) and statistical methods were used. The variable oral health knowledge was measured. Results: Before applying the educational program the knowledge was insufficient (65%), after applying the educational program 75% of pregnant women showed sufficient knowledge. Conclusions: By the end of the "Smile from the Womb" educational program, one third of the pregnant women in this maternity home had achieved a sufficient level of knowledge about oral and dental health.

Programa educativo sobre salud bucal dirigido a familias con hijos preescolares residentes en el Consejo Popular Balboa

Fundamento: la promoción de salud debe comenzar en edades tempranas del desarrollo, para que los niños adquieran estilos de vida saludables, que les resulten beneficiosos en el futuro. Objetivo: implementar un programa educativo de salud bucal, dirigido a las familias de los niños/ñas de tres a cinco años matriculados en el Programa Educa a tu hijo, de los consultorios ocho y nueve del Consejo Popular Ramón Balboa, del municipio Lajas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, de septiembre del 2020 a julio del 2021, en la sede del Programa Educa a tu hijo, con 35 miembros de familia y 35 niños/as entre tres cinco años matriculados en dicho programa. Se analizaron las variables: conocimiento sobre higiene bucal, hábitos dietéticos y hábitos deformantes, medidas antes y después de la intervención educativa. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y edad de cuatro años. Los familiares tenían entre 20 y 34 años. Los principales factores de riesgo identificados fueron higiene bucal deficiente, cepillado dental incorrecto y dieta cariogénica. Antes de la intervención predominó el conocimiento regular sobre higiene bucal, un conocimiento malo sobre hábitos dietéticos y un mal nivel de conocimiento sobre hábitos deformantes. Después de la intervención se observó un mayor porcentaje de conocimiento bueno sobre higiene bucal, hábitos dietéticos y buen nivel de conocimiento sobre hábitos deformantes. Conclusiones después de aplicada la intervención educativa se evidenció una notable mejoría en los conocimientos sobre salud bucal.

Background: health promotion should begin at an early age of development, so that children acquire healthy lifestyles that will be beneficial in the future. Objective: to implement an educational oral health program, aimed at the families of children from three to five years old enrolled in the Educate your child Program, from clinics eight and nine of the Ramón Balboa neighborhood, in Lajas municipality. Methods: an intervention study was carried out, from September 2020 to July 2021, at the headquarters of the Educate your child program, with 35 family members and 35 children between three and five years old enrolled in this program. The analyzed variables were: knowledge about oral hygiene, dietary habits and deforming habits, measured before and after the educational intervention. Results: the female sex and age of four years prevailed. The relatives were between 20 and 34 years old. The main risk factors identified were poor oral hygiene, incorrect tooth brushing and cariogenic diet. Before the intervention, regular knowledge about oral hygiene, poor knowledge about dietary habits, and a poor level of knowledge about deforming habits prevailed. After the intervention, a higher percentage of good knowledge about oral hygiene, dietary habits and a good level of knowledge about deforming habits was observed. Conclusions: after applying the educational intervention, a notable improvement in knowledge about oral health was evidenced.

Psychometric properties of an oral health literacy scale for people living with diabetes

Abstract This study evaluated the construct validity of the instrument Oral Health Literacy among diabetics. A probabilistic random sample of 239 diabetics from an infinite population answered the 10 items of the questionnaire. The structural validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis and goodness of fit, chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (X2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was estimated by the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). The scores were dichotomized with the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval as the cutoff point. The three-dimensional model presented good quality parameters (X2 /df = 2.459; CFI = 0.988; TLI = 0.981) and poor RMSEA (0.078). Internal consistency was adequate; AVE for the Access, Understand/appraise, and Apply subscales were 0.831, 0.981, and 0.954 and the CR for these subscales were 0.893, 0.962, and 0.822, respectively. Inadequate literacy ranged from 41.8 to 48.1%. The three-dimensional model identified (access, understand/appraise, and apply) showed structural validity, good internal consistency, and understandability.

Efectividad de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar / Effectiveness of an educational program on oral health aimed at relatives of preschool children

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades bucales tienen su inicio en edades tempranas el accionar educativo de la familia es determinante, por ello resulta necesario contribuir a elevar su nivel de información en torno a la salud bucodental. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental y prospectivo en la Escuela Primaria «Fe del Valle Ramos¼, de Sagua la Grande, en el período de marzo del 2017 a junio del 2018. La población estuvo constituida por 39 familias y la muestra por 36, seleccionadas por un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Los empíricos utilizados fueron: cuestionario a las familias, criterio de especialistas y la observación participante. Se analizó como variables el nivel de información sobre salud bucodental y la efectividad del programa educativo. Resultados: La evaluación del nivel de información sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar fue de mal en 24 familias, para un 66,7 %. El programa educativo diseñado contiene 6 temas, distribuidos en 13 actividades; fue valorado por los especialistas de pertinente y factible para ser aplicado posteriormente. Conclusiones: El diseño de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a familiares de niños en grado preescolar contribuyó a elevar el nivel de información de los mismos lo que avala su efectividad y repercutirá positivamente para evitar enfermedades bucales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral diseases have their onset at an early age, the educational action of the family is decisive, that is why it is necessary to contribute to raising their level of information on oral health. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on oral health aimed at relatives of preschool children. Methods: a prospective and pre-experimental was carried out at "Fe del Valle Ramos" school, in Sagua la Grande, from March 2017 to June 2018. The population consisted of 39 families and the sample was made up of 36, who were selected by an intentional non-probabilistic sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. Family questionnaire, specialist criteria and participant observation were the empirical ones used. The level of information on oral health and the effectiveness of the educational program were analyzed as variables. Results: the evaluation of the level of information on oral health aimed at relatives of children in preschool grade was bad in 24 families (66.7%). The designed educational program contains 6 themes, distributed in 13 activities; it was assessed by the specialists as pertinent and feasible to be applied later. Conclusions: the design of an educational program on oral health aimed at relatives of preschool children contributed to raising their level of information, which supports its effectiveness and will have a positive impact on preventing oral diseases.

Intervención educativa para mejorar la salud bucal de pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas parciales / Educational intervention to improve the patient's oral health with partial dentures

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las prótesis estomatológicas son una solución estética y funcional a la pérdida de los dientes y contribuyen a la calidad de vida de aquellos que la portan, pero el sistema estomatognático se expone a lesiones cuando no se cumplen las orientaciones para su uso, cuidado e higiene. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo para mejorar la salud bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas parciales. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimento con medición antes y después de la intervención comunitaria sin grupo de control, en el período de septiembre 2019 a febrero del 2020. Se seleccionaron 50 pacientes mayores de 19 años portadores de prótesis estomatológica parcial, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó la encuesta, la observación, el criterio de especialistas y el experimento como métodos del nivel empírico y estadístico-matemático para medir las variables: nivel de conocimiento, eficiencia del cepillado bucodental e higiene de las prótesis estomatológicas. Resultados: Al culminar la aplicación del programa educativo se observó un cambio de 6 % a un 52 % del nivel de conocimiento bueno sobre el uso y cuidado de las aparatologías protésica, en la eficiencia del cepillado de un 30 % a un 82 % y de un 8 % a un 68 % de buena higiene en las prótesis. Conclusiones: El programa educativo se evaluó de efectivo al obtener resultados satisfactorios en cuanto a la modificación de los conocimientos y prácticas sobre salud bucal en los pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas.

ABSTRACT Background: Dentures are an esthetic and functional solution to tooth loss and contribute to life quality of those who wear them, but the stomatognathic system is exposed to lesions when guidelines for their use, care and hygiene are not followed. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational program to improve oral health in patients with partial dentures. Methodology: A measurement pre-experiment study was conducted before and after community intervention without any control group, from September 2019 to February 2020. 50 patients over 19 years of age wearing partial denture who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Survey, observation, specialist criteria and experiment were used as empirical and statistical-mathematical methods to measure variables: knowledge level, oral brushing efficiency and dentures hygiene. Results: At the end of the application of the educational program, a change was observed from 6 % to 52 % in the good knowledge level on wear and care of prosthetic appliances, in brushing efficiency from 30 % to 82 % and from 8 % to 68 % in prostheses good hygiene. Conclusions: The educational program was assessed as effective in obtaining satisfactory results in terms of modification of oral health knowledge and practices in patients with dentures.

Plan de acción y ejecución sobre salud bucal en una escuela primaria de Villa Clara / An action and execution plan on oral health in a primary school from Villa Clara

RESUMEN El trabajo de promoción de salud, educación para la salud y la prevención de enfermedades es intersectorial y multidisciplinario, por la naturaleza misma de sus objetivos. En el período de marzo a diciembre de 2018 se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa en escolares, padres o tutores y en el personal docente del primer grado de la escuela «13 de marzo», del municipio Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara con el objetivo de identificar y dar salida a las necesidades de aprendizaje en dicha población, a través del diseño de un plan de acción y ejecución.

ABSTRACT The work of health promotion, health education and disease prevention is intersectoral and multidisciplinary, due to the very nature of its objectives. An educational intervention study was carried out in schoolchildren, parents or tutors and first-grade teachers from "13 de marzo " school in Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province from March to December 2018, with the objective of identifying and giving an outlet to the learning needs in the studied population, through the design of an action and execution plan.

Diagnóstico educativo sobre salud bucal en escolares de Trinidad / Educational diagnosis on oral health in schoolchildren from Trinidad city

RESUMEN Fundamento: En escolares de 4.to grado están presentes enfermedades bucales y se realizan acciones curativas, mientras que las educativas precedidas de un diagnóstico educativo, son deficientes e insuficientes. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas sobre salud bucal y la eficiencia del cepillado bucodental en los escolares de 4.to grado. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal durante el curso 2020-2021 de la Escuela Primaria Pepito Tey del municipio Trinidad, provincia Sancti Spíritus, con la totalidad (71) de los escolares de 4.to grado. Las variables estudiadas fueron: conocimientos, prácticas, actitudes sobre salud bucal y eficiencia del cepillado bucodental. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico-matemático con la aplicación de un cuestionario y una guía de entrevista, para la eficiencia del cepillado se determinó el Índice de Love. Resultados: Se constató el 71.8 % de los escolares con conocimientos insuficientes, el 74.6 % con actitud desfavorable y el 81.7 % con prácticas insuficientes sobre salud bucal, así como el 93 % con cepillado bucodental no eficiente. Conclusiones: Más de la tercera parte de los escolares tuvo conocimientos insuficientes, actitudes no favorables y prácticas insuficientes de salud bucal y la mayoría un cepillado no eficiente.

ABSTRACT Background: Oral diseases and curative actions are present in 4th grade schoolchildren while educational actions preceded by an educational diagnosis are deficient and insufficient. Objective: To identify the knowledge, attitudes, practices on oral health and the efficiency of Oral brushing in 4th grade schoolchildren. Methodology: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during the 2020-2021 academic course at Pepito Tey primary school in Trinidad city, in Sancti Spíritus province, with all (71) of the 4th grade students. The variables studied were: knowledge, practices, attitudes about oral health and efficiency of oral brushing. Some methods from the theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical level were used with the application of a questionnaire and an interview guide, for brushing efficiency. Results: 71.8 % of schoolchildren with insufficient knowledge were found, 74.6 % with an unfavorable attitude and 81.7 % with insufficient practices on oral health, as well as the 93 % with inefficient oral brushing. Conclusions: More than a third of the schoolchildren had insufficient knowledge, unfavorable attitudes and insufficient practices of oral health and most brushing is not efficient.

Resultados de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental en niños de grado prescolar / Results of an oral health education programme for pre-school children

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades bucales son muy frecuentes, pero han logrado disminuir donde se han instrumentado programas educativos. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental dirigido a niños del grado prescolar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el municipio Sagua la Grande durante el periodo 2018-2019. La población estuvo constituida por 91 niños de grado prescolar de las escuelas primarias urbanas, se trabajó con informantes claves como los padres y docentes de los niños. Se empleó la entrevista y la observación participante para la recogida de la información, así como la técnica de composición y el completamiento de frases. Resultados: Se identificaron deficiencias en el nivel de conocimientos de los niños de grado prescolar sobre salud bucodental, con relación a las categorías: frecuencia y forma correcta del cepillado dental, hábitos perjudiciales y acciones de promoción de salud, demostradas mediante la interpretación de las modificaciones registradas. Los niños incorporaron nuevos conocimientos con relación a su salud bucodental, lo que hizo que se convirtieran en promotores de salud. Conclusiones: Se aplicaron técnicas cualitativas para la evaluación de los resultados de un programa educativo sobre salud bucodental, dirigido al grado prescolar. Se logró modificar conocimientos en los niños de este grado sobre salud bucodental, con relación a las categorías estudiadas: frecuencia y forma correcta del cepillado dental, hábitos perjudiciales y acciones de promoción de salud. La cantidad de enseñanza que reciben los niños ejerce un poderoso efecto sobre su salud bucal presente y futura y sobre su esperanza de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral diseases are very frequent, but they have managed to reduce where educational programmes have been implemented. Objective: to evaluate the results of an oral health education programme for pre-school children. Methods: a qualitative study was conducted in Sagua la Grande municipality during 2018-2019. The population consisted of 91 pre-school children from urban primary schools; children's teachers and parents were taken into account as key informants. Interview and participant observation were used to collect information, as well as text composition and phrase completion techniques. Results: deficiencies in preschool children's level of knowledge on oral health were identified in relation to the categories: frequency and correct tooth brushing, harmful habits and health promotion actions, demonstrated by the interpretation of the recorded modifications. The children acquired new knowledge in relation to their oral health, which made them become health promoters. Conclusions: qualitative techniques were applied to evaluate the results of the educational programme on oral health, aimed at preschool children. It was possible to modify children's knowledge from this grade on oral health in relation to the studied categories: frequency and correct tooth brushing, harmful habits and health promotion actions. The amount of education children receive has a powerful effect on their present and future oral health and life expectancy.

Modelo educativo de salud bucal sistémico-procesual del adulto mayor en el contexto penitenciario / Educational model of systemic-procedural oral health of the elderly in the prison context

RESUMEN Introducción: El modelo educativo sistémico procesual adquiere una significación particular por el hecho de ofrecer una promoción y educación para la salud al adulto mayor en condiciones de reclusión de mayor calidad y más práctica, además contribuye al fortalecimiento de los recursos humanos que en ella participan. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo educativo sistémico-procesual del adulto mayor para promocionar la salud bucal en el contexto penitenciario cubano. Resultados: Se realizó un estudio de desarrollo en los Servicios Médicos del Ministerio del Interior, para el diseño de un modelo educativo de salud bucal sistémico-procesual del adulto mayor en el contexto penitenciario. La muestra no probabilística a criterios de los autores la conformaron 33 artículos publicados en las bases de datos biomédicas (Pubmed, Cumed, Lilacs, ClinicalKey, SciELO). El modelo de estrategia educativa contribuyó a la conservación de la salud bucal del adulto mayor recluso al hacer que este cuide y valore su salud mediante la asimilación, interiorización y práctica de comportamientos saludables. Conclusiones: Con el modelo se instituyen las precisiones y circunstancias inevitables para la mejoría de la promoción y la educación en salud del adulto mayor recluso, a partir de una integración sistemática procesual entre sus componentes, en la que estos asumen un rol diferente como sujeto dinámico de su propia educación para la salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The systemic procedural educational model acquires a particular significance due to the fact that it offers a promotion and education for health to the elderly in prison conditions, of higher quality, more practice, and also contributes to the strengthening of the human resources that participate in it. Objective: To design a systemic-procedural educational model for the elderly to promote oral health in the Cuban prison context. Results: A development study was carried out in the Medical Services of the Ministry of the Interior, for the design of an educational model of systemic-procedural oral health of the elderly in the prison context. The non-probabilistic sample according to the authors' criteria was made up of 33 articles published in biomedical databases (Pubmed, Cumed, Lilacs, ClinicalKey, SciELO). The educational strategy model contributed to the conservation of the oral health of the elderly prisoner, making them take care of and value their health through the assimilation, internalization and practice of healthy behaviors. Conclusions: With the model, the details and unavoidable circumstances are instituted for the improvement of the promotion and health education of the incarcerated older adult, based on a systematic procedural integration between its components, in which they assume a different role as a dynamic subject of their own health education.

Fundamentos del Modelo educativo sistémico procesual en salud bucal del adulto mayor en centros penitenciarios / Fundamentals of the procedural systemic educational model in oral health of the elderly in prisons

RESUMEN Introducción: Se fundamentó un modelo de estrategia educativa sistémico procesual en salud bucal del adulto mayor, para el logro del impacto de este en el contexto penitenciario cubano; se consideró la importancia que tiene su conocimiento y comprensión, en el desarrollo y evolución del quehacer cotidiano. Objetivo: Realizar la fundamentación teórica y metodológica un modelo educativo sistémico procesual, con énfasis en el contexto penitenciario. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el período comprendido entre junio y julio de 2020. Se efectuó búsqueda sobre teorías y modelos acordes con la promoción de salud en 624 artículos publicados en bases de datos biomédicas (SciELO, PubMed, Cumed, Lilacs, ClinicalKey) mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 53 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 28 de los últimos cinco años, 38 artículos originales y de opinión, tres libros, seis programas, dos manuales, cuatro documentos entre lineamientos y resoluciones. Se empleó como método el análisis de documentos. Resultados: Este modelo adquiere una significación particular por el hecho de constituirse sobre una población vulnerable, se tuvieron en cuenta las características de la vida en prisión y la necesidad de lograr una reinserción y readaptación social a través de políticas de gestión basados en la ética y la dignidad humana. Conclusiones: Este modelo significó una herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de la promoción de salud bucal en el ámbito penitenciario, que reconoce la necesidad de implementar estrategias actualizadas y eficaces para beneficiar al adulto mayor recluso, a sus familiares y al personal involucrado en su cuidado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A procedural systemic educational strategy model was based on oral health of the elderly, to achieve the impact of this in the Cuban prison context; considering the importance of their knowledge and understanding in the development and evolution of daily tasks. Objective: To carry out the theoretical and methodological foundation of a procedural systemic educational model, with emphasis on the prison context. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the period between June and July 2020. A search was made on theories and models consistent with health promotion in 624 articles published in biomedical databases (SciELO, PubMed, Cumed, Lilacs, ClinicalKey) through the search manager and reference manager EndNote, of these, 53 selected citations were used to carry out the review, of which; 28 of the last five years, 38 original articles and opinion articles, 3 books, 6 programs, 2 manuals, 4 documents between guidelines and resolutions. Document analysis was used as a method. Document analysis was used as a method. Results: This model acquires a particular significance due to the fact that it is constituted on a highly vulnerable population, taking into account the characteristics of life in prison and the need to achieve social reintegration and rehabilitation through management policies based on ethics and human dignity. Conclusions: This model was a fundamental tool for the development of oral health promotion in the prison environment, which recognizes the need to implement updated and effective strategies to benefit the elderly inmate, their families and the personnel involved in their care.

Sistema de acciones educativas: actividad física y salud bucodental en la adolescencia

Introducción: El control de la salud bucodental de los deportistas es uno de los aspectos menos atendidos en lo referente a su salud integral, lo que demuestra la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de promoción de salud y prevención de afecciones bucales en este ámbito. Objetivo: Proponer un sistema de acciones educativas sobre salud bucodental en los adolescentes que practican deportes de combate. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el macrociclo 2019-2020 con una muestra no probabilística de 43 deportistas; utilizándose la observación y la encuesta. Se diseñó un sistema de acciones educativas, el cual fue valorado por criterio de especialistas. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucodental que predominó en los adolescentes que practican deportes de combate fue inadecuado con un 53,5 %. El sistema de acciones educativas propuesto consta de siete encuentros: uno introductorio, cinco de estudio y uno para las conclusiones. Los temas tratados son: la actividad física y su relación con la salud bucodental, la higiene bucal en la prevención de la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal, los protectores bucales en el deporte, traumatismos dentales en el deporte, tabaquismo y alcoholismo, su efecto en la actividad física y la salud bucodental. Conclusiones: El diseño del sistema de acciones educativas actividad física y salud bucodental en la adolescencia resulta pertinente para su aplicación en el contexto deportivo, según la valoración de los especialistas.

Introduction: The control of the oral health of athletes is one of the least attended aspects in relation to their integral health, which shows the need to strengthen programs for the promotion of health and prevention of oral conditions in this area. Objective: To propose a system of educational actions on oral health in adolescents who practice combat sports, in the Lino Salabarría Pupo Provincial Initiation Sport School in Sancti Spíritus. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the 2019-2020 macrocycle with a non-probabilistic sample of 43 athletes; using observation and survey. A system of educational actions was designed which was evaluated by specialists' criteria. Results: The level of knowledge on oral health that prevailed in adolescents who practice combat sports was inadequate with 53.5%. The proposed system of educational actions consists of seven meetings: an introductory one, five for study and one for conclusions. The topics covered are: physical activity and its relationship with oral health, oral hygiene in the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease, mouth guards in sports, dental trauma in sports, smoking and alcoholism, their effect in physical activity and oral health. Conclusions: The design of the educational actions system Physical activity and oral health in adolescence is relevant for its application in the sports context, according to the assessment of specialists.

The influence of protective psychosocial factors on the incidence of dental pain / A influência de fatores psicossociais protetores sobre a incidência de dor dentária

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of protective psychosocial factors on the incidence of dental pain in the last six months among 12-year-old children living in Manaus (AM). METHODS A prospective school-based cohort study was conducted with 210 12-year-old students enrolled in public schools in the eastern zone of Manaus (AM). Students were followed up for two years. Validated questionnaires were used to assess sociodemographic characteristics, protective psychosocial factors, including sense of coherence, social support, and self-esteem at baseline and after two years. Calibrated examiners clinically assessed dental caries and gingival bleeding. Multivariate multilevel Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) between the changes on psychosocial factors scores and incidence of dental pain, adjusted for psychosocial factors scores at baseline, dental health insurance, frequency of tooth brushing, and dental caries. RESULTS Mean scores for sense of coherence and social support reduced significantly from baseline to 2-year follow-up. The incidence of dental pain along the two-year follow-up was 28.6%. The risk of dental pain was 14% higher for every 10 points in the mean reduction of sense of coherence score (RR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.02-1.20), and 6% higher for every 10 points of the mean reduction in social support score (RR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.01-1.11). Change on self-esteem was not associated with risk of dental pain. CONCLUSION Change on sense of coherence and social support over the two-year period influenced the incidence of dental pain among children, suggesting that protective psychosocial factors, health behaviours, dental health insurance, and clinical oral condition have an important role in the incidence of dental pain.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a influência de fatores psicossociais protetores sobre a incidência de dor dentária nos últimos seis meses em crianças de 12 anos residentes em Manaus (AM). MÉTODOS Um estudo de coorte prospectivo de base escolar foi realizado com 210 alunos de 12 anos, matriculados em escolas públicas da zona leste de Manaus (AM) que foram acompanhados por dois anos. Questionários validados foram usados para avaliar características sociodemográficas, fatores psicossociais protetores, incluindo senso de coerência, apoio social e autoestima na linha de base e após dois anos. Examinadores calibrados avaliaram clinicamente cárie dentária e sangramento gengival. Regressão de Poisson multinível multivariada foi usada para estimar o risco relativo (RR) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) entre a variação dos escores dos fatores psicossociais e a incidência de dor dentária, ajustada para os escores dos fatores psicossociais na linha de base, plano de saúde odontológico, frequência de escovação dentária e cárie dentária. RESULTADOS As médias dos escores do senso de coerência e do apoio social reduziram significativamente entre linha de base e seguimento de dois anos. A incidência de dor dentária no seguimento de dois anos foi 28,6%. O risco de dor dentária foi 14% maior para cada 10 pontos na redução média do escore do senso de coerência (RR = 1,14; IC95% 1,02-1,20), e 6% maior para cada 10 pontos na redução média do escore do apoio social (RR = 1,06; IC95% 1,01-1,11). A mudança na autoestima não foi associada ao risco de dor dentária. CONCLUSÃO A variação do senso de coerência e do apoio social no período de dois anos influenciou a incidência de dor dentária em crianças, sugerindo que fatores psicossociais protetores, comportamentos em saúde, plano odontológico e a condição clínica bucal desempenham um papel importante na incidência da dor dentária.

Educação em saúde bucal em uma pré-escola: planejamento estratégico para o desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas / Oral health education in pre-school: strategic planning for the development of ludic activities

Trata-se de um relato de experiência, que descreve, sob estratégia narrativo-argumentativa, as significâncias político-pedagógicas atreladas ao planejamento estratégico de ações de educação em saúde bucal vivenciadas em um ambiente escolar e experimentadas por acadêmicos estagiários de um curso de Odontologia. Após análise detalhada, algumas inferências se destacaram: o reconhecimento do ambiente escolar como território fértil para o desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde; a efetividade do instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar) no direcionamento dos acadêmicos estagiários no planejamento estratégico de atividades de educação em saúde bucal; a importância de se disseminar, em espaços científicos, os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.

This is a report on an experience that describes, under a narrative-argumentative strategy, the political-pedagogical significance linked to the strategic planning of oral health education actions experienced in a school environment and experienced by university trainees from a Dentistry course. After a detailed analysis, some inferences were observed: the recognition of the school environment as a fertile territory for the development of health-promoting actions; the effectiveness of the "TPC" (Theorize-Practice-Criticize) instrument in directing university trainees in the strategic planning of oral health education activities; the importance of disseminating, in scientific spaces, the learning from practical experimentation during internships.

Intervención educativa en la Escuela Primaria «Paco Cuesta¼ / Educational intervention at "Paco Cuesta" Primary School

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa en 48 estudiantes de la Escuela Primaria «Paco Cuesta¼, ubicada en el área de salud «XX Aniversario¼ del municipio Santa Clara, Villa Clara, durante el curso escolar 2016 - 2017. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje sobre hábitos bucales deformantes en escolares de cuarto grado, y evaluar, a corto plazo, los resultados obtenidos en la población objeto de estudio. Los resultados demostraron que los adolescentes modificaron positivamente la información que tenían sobre estas temáticas a partir de las instrucciones de los profesionales.

ABSTRACT An educational intervention study was carried out in 48 students belonging to "Paco Cuesta" Primary School which is located in the «XX Anniversary¼ health area from Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara, during the 2016-2017 academic year. The objectives of this research were to identify the learning needs about deforming oral habits in fourth-grade school children, and to evaluate the results obtained, in the population under study, in the short term period. The results showed that the adolescents positively modified the information they had on these topics based on the instructions of the professionals.

Relationship Between Socio-Demographic Profile, Parity and Dental Caries Among a Group of Nursing Mothers in South East, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk indicators of caries among nursing mothers in a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 408 nursing mothers aged 15 to 52 years who brought their children for immunization in a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Data on socio-demographic profile, parity, dental visits were collected. The presence of dental caries was recorded using the World Health Organization criteria. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was 11.0%, and the mean DMFT was 0.18. There was a statistically significant association between level of education (p<0.001), past dental visit (p<0.001) and the occurrence of dental caries. Caries was more prevalent in the mandibular teeth than the maxillary teeth. The left mandibular first and second permanent molars had the highest occurrence of dental caries. Missing (M) component of the DMFT index was highest and the care index was low. The significant predictors of caries among nursing mothers were fair oral hygiene and having below tertiary education. Conclusion: The prevalence of caries and the care index were both low in this study population. The significant predictors of dental caries were a tertiary level of education and poor oral hygiene. Incorporating oral health education during postnatal care can help reduce dental caries' occurrence and complications among nursing mothers in the study population.

The role of health literacy as a factor associated with tooth loss / O papel da literacia em saúde como fator associado às perdas dentárias

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the role of health literacy (HL) as a factor associated with tooth loss among users of the Brazilian Health System with chronic non-communicable diseases. METHODS The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with adult and elderly users chosen at ten Family Health Clinics in a draw in the town of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic data (sex, age, skin color and education), behavioral data (brushing and flossing), determinants in health (type of dental health services and how often) and clinical data (pain). Mouth conditions were collected by intraoral examination of visible dental biofilm and community Pediodontal Index. The systemic clinical conditions (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure) were extracted from the medical records. The explanatory variable was HL (low, medium and high), measured with the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTS The outcome was tooth loss measured by the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Logistic regression was performed using a conceptual model for HL (p < 0.05). For the 238 subjects, the mean age was 62.7 years (± 10.55). Tooth loss was associated with HL in regression models adjusted by type of dental service, dental frequency, and dental floss. In the final model, the factors associated with tooth loss are older age (OR = 1,12; 95%CI: 1,07-1,17), a lower education (OR = 3,43; 95%CI: 1,17-10,10), irregular use of dental floss (OR = 4,58; 95%CI: 1.75 in-7,31), irregular use of dental services (n = 2,60; 95% 1,32-5,12), periodontal pocket (> 4 mm) (n = 0,31; 95%CI: 0,01-0,08), having visible dental biofilm (OR = 7,23; 95%CI: 3,19-16,41) and a higher level of blood sugar (glucose) (n = 1,98; 95%CI: 1.00-3,92). CONCLUSIONS tooth loss was associated with HL when adjusted by health behaviors; when sociodemographic variables and clinical conditions were included, it was less significant. In the final model, behaviors, determinants in health and clinical conditions were risk indicators of tooth loss, showing the multifactorial nature of this phenomenon.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo foi analisar o papel da Literacia em Saúde (LS) como fator associado às perdas dentárias entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. MÉTODOS O estudo transversal e analítico foi conduzido com usuários adultos e idosos selecionados em dez Unidades de Saúde da Família sorteadas, em Piracicaba - SP, Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade), comportamentais (escovação e uso de fio dental), determinantes em saúde (tipo e frequência de uso de serviço de saúde médico e odontológico) e clínica (dor). As condições bucais foram coletadas por exame intrabucal do biofilme dental visível e Índice Pediodontal Comunitário. As condições clínicas sistêmicas (glicemia, hemoglobina glicada e pressóricas) foram extraídas dos prontuários. A variável explanatória foi a LS (baixa, média e alta), medida pelo Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTADOS O desfecho foi à perda dentária medida pelo Índice de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados. Foi realizada regressão logística com uso de um modelo conceitual para a LS (p < 0,05). Para os 238 indivíduos, a média de idade foi 62,7 anos (± 10,55). A perda dentária esteve associada à LS nos modelos de regressão ajustados por tipo de serviço odontológico, frequência odontológica e uso de fio dental. No modelo final, a perda dentária teve como fatores associados a maior idade (OR = 1,12; IC95% 1,07-1,17), menor escolaridade (OR = 3,43; IC95% 1,17-10,10), ao uso irregular de fio dental (OR = 4,58; IC95% 1,75-7,31), uso irregular do serviço odontológico (OR = 2,60; IC95% 1,32-5,12), bolsa periodontal (> 4mm) (OR = 0,31; IC95% 0,01-0,08), ter biofilme dental visível (OR = 7,23; IC95% 3,19-16,41) e maior índice de glicemia (OR = 1,98; IC95% 1,00-3,92). CONCLUSÕES A perda dentária esteve associada à LS quando ajustada por comportamentos em saúde, a partir da inclusão das variáveis sociodemográficas e condições clínicas ela perdeu a significância. No modelo final, comportamentos, determinantes em saúde e condições clínicas foram indicadores de risco da perda dentária, demonstrando a multifatorialidade envolvida neste fenômeno.

Intervención educativa para la gingivitis crónica en adolescentes del Consultorio Médico de la Familia 10. Área Norte. Sancti Spíritus / Educational intervention on chronic gingivitis in adolescents at the North Area doctor´s office 10 in Sancti Spíritus

RESUMEN Fundamento: La gingivitis crónica constituye un problema de salud bucal en los adolescentes, relacionado con los escasos conocimientos y factores de riesgo presentes. Objetivo: Aplicar la intervención educativa para modificar el nivel de conocimientos de los adolescentes sobre gingivitis crónica del CMF 10 de Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, con diseño de antes y después en el período de septiembre 2018 a febrero del 2019, la población fueron 196 adolescentes y la muestra 61 que presentaron gingivitis crónica. Las variables utilizadas: conocimientos sobre prevención de gingivitis, higiene bucal y presencia de gravedad de la gingivitis, los métodos: del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta, entrevista, determinación de la IHBS, Índice Gingival de Löe y Silness y de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los conocimientos antes de la intervención eran insuficientes (40.8 %), la gravedad de la enfermedad el 50.8 % presentaba gingivitis moderada y el 47.5 % mala higiene bucal; después de la intervención el 90.1 % tenía conocimientos suficientes, el 73.7 % sin alteración en las encías y 83.6 % buena higiene. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa logró elevar los conocimientos, disminuir la gravedad de la gingivitis y mejorar la higiene bucal de los adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic gingivitis is an oral health problem in adolescents, related to poor knowledge and risk factors. Objective: To apply educational intervention to modify the adolescents' level of knowledge about chronic gingivitis at the CMF 10 in Sancti Spíritus. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, with a before and after design from September 2018 to February 2019, the population consisted of 196, and the sample of 61 adolescents who presented chronic gingivitis. The variables used: knowledge about gingivitis prevention, oral hygiene and presence of gingivitis´ severity, methods: theoretical and empirical level (survey, interview, determination of the IHBS, Silness y Löe Gingival Index and descriptive statistics. Results: The knowledge before the intervention was insufficient (40.8 %), severity of the disease 50.8 % presented moderate gingivitis and 47.5 % bad oral hygiene; after the intervention 90.1 % had sufficient knowledge, 73.7 % without any alteration in the gums and 83.6 % good hygiene. Conclusions: The educational intervention managed to increase knowledge, decrease severity of gingivitis and improve oral hygiene of adolescents.

Factors predicting the oral health behaviors of the Iranian students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran

Aim: The purpose of this examination is determining the predictors of oral health behaviors among Iranian students in district 1 Tehran based on the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 four grade female students in the first district of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The multi­stage random cluster sampling method was used to recruit students. The inclusion criteria were being in four ­ graded level of elementary schools of the 1st district in Tehran, being female students aged between 9-11 years and being physically and psychologically healthy student. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict oral health behaviors. Results: Totally, (N= 31.8%) students reported that they were brushing less than twice a day and (N= 55.2% ) students claimed using of dental floss once a week or less than once a day. The results indicated that perceived self-efficacy (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.57-3.78, P<0.001), commitment to plan (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.23, P<0.001) and cues to action (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.14­1.76, P=0.002) were the significant predicting variables of brushing twice a day, and use of dental floss once a day or more (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.23-3.53, P=0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown the effectiveness of the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct to predict oral health behavior in female students. Thus, it seems that the model as a acceptable framework for designing training programs to improve oral health behavior in students

Effectiveness of Dental Health Education Intervention Using the 16-Surface Tooth Brushing Program Among 7-9-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Indonesia

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of dental health education for teachers and parents on children aged 7-9 years old. Material and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a nonrandomized control group and a pretest-posttest design. The intervention group comprised 20 teachers and 66 mothers, whereas the control group consisted of 10 teachers and 54 mothers. Data on the knowledge and behavior of teachers and mothers were retrieved by pretest and posttest questionnaires. The 66 children in the intervention group underwent a 16-surface tooth brushing program, whereas the 54 children in the control group were only provided theoretical education by their teachers and mothers. The evaluation was conducted after one month to measure the children's dental plaque index. Results: An increase in teachers' oral health knowledge (16.7%), teachers' oral health behavior (20%), mothers' oral health knowledge (16.7%), and mothers' oral health behavior (20%) was noted; the children's plaque index was decreased (47%). Conclusion: The dental health education of teachers and parents (mothers) supported by the 16-surface teeth brushing program resulted in a significant reduction in the dental plaque index in children aged 7-9 years old.